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Edible Microalgae
Health Research
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Contact Us
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Jeffrey Bruno, Ph.D.
Peninsula Child & Youth
Assessment Clinics
(650) 738-0807
Two locations:
80 Eureka Square, Suite 215
Pacifica, CA 94044
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1601 Bayshore Hwy.
Suite 123
Burlingame, CA 94010
Spiralhope@aol.com
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Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Effects
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95. Woodruff H. Natural products from microorganisms. Science. June 1980; 208(449):1225-9.
96. Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae as potential antiviral drugs. General Pharmacology. October 1997; 29(4):497-511.
97. Bewick P et al. Chlorella: The Emerald Food. Ronin Publishing, 1984.
98. Schmidt R. Treatment for Leprosy. Price-Pottenger Nutrition Foundation Health Journal. 1997;21(3).
99. Martinez-Nadal F. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina maxima. Paper presented at the Tenth International Congress of Microbiology, Mexico City; August 1970.
100. Jorjani G, Amirani P. Antibacterial activities of Spirulina platensis. Maj Limy Puz Danisk Jundi Shap (Danish). 1978; 1:14-18.
101. Ostensvik O, Skulberg O, Underdal B, Hormazabal V. Antibacterial properties of extracts from selected planktonic freshwater cyanobacteria — a comparative study of bacterial bioassays. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1998;
84(6):1117-24.
102. Kreitlow S, Mundt S, Lindequist U. Cyanobacteria – a potential source of new biologically active substances. Journal of Biotechnology. April 1999; 70(1-3):61-3.
103. Frankmolle W et al. Antifungal cyclic peptides from the terrestrial blue-green alga Anabaena laxa. I. Isolation and biological properties. Journal of Antibiotics (Tokyo). September 1992; 45(9):1451-7.
104. Aaronson A, Dubinsky Z. Mass production of microalgae. Experientia. 1982; 43(Suppl.):44.
105. Gustafson K et al. AIDS antiviral sulfolipids from cyanobacteria. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1989; 81:1254-8.
106. Cardellina J et al. A chemical screening strategy for the dereplication and prioritization of HIV-inhibitory aqueous natural products extracts. Journal of Natural Products. July 1993; 56(7):1123-9.
107. Lau A et al. Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity by extracts of cultured blue-green algae (cyanophyta). Planta Medica. April 1993; 59(2):148-51.
108. Ayehunie S, Belay A, Baba T, Ruprecht R. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis). Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Human Retrovirology. May 1998;18(1):7-12.
109. Hayashi et al. Calcium spirulan, an inhibitor of enveloped virus replication, from a blue-green algae Spirulina platensis. Journal of Natural Products. 1996; 59:83-7.
110. Ayehunie S, Belay A, Baba T, Ruprecht R. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis). Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Human Retrovirology. May 1998; 18(1):7-12.
111. Loya S, Reshef V, Mizrachi E et al. The inhibition of the reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 by the natural sulfoglycolipids from cyanobacteria: contribution of different modalities to their high potency. Journal of Natural Products. 1998; 61(7):891-5.
112. Schaeffer D, Krylov V. Anti-AIDS activity of extracts and compounds from algae and cyanobacteria. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2000; 45(3):208-27.
113. Gandhi M, Boyd M et al. Properties of cyanovirin-N (CV-N): inactivation of HIV-1 by sessile cyanovirin-N. Developments in Biological Standardization. 2000; 102:141-8.
114. Hayashi T, Hayashi K, Maeda M, Kojima I. Calcium spirulan, an inhibitor of enveloped virus replication, from a blue-green alga Spirulina platensis. Journal of Natural Products. January 1996; 59(1):83-7.
115. Hayashi K, Hayashi T, Kojima I. A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from Spirulina platensis: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 1996; 12(15):1463-71.
116. Larsen L, Moore R, Patterson G. Beta-carotenes from the blue-green alga Dichothrix baueriana. Journal of Natural Products. March 1994; 57(3):419-21.
117. Hayashi K et al. An extract from Spirulina platensis is a selective inhibitor of Herpes simplex virus type 1 penetration into HeLa cells. Phytotherapy Research. 1993; 7:76-80.
118. Guzman-Murillo M, Ascencio F. Anti-adhesive activity of sulphated exopolysaccharides of microalgae on attachment of red sore disease-associated bacteria and Helicobacter pylori to tissue culture cells. Letters of Applied Microbiology. June 2000; 30(6):473-8.
119. Fabregas J et al. In vitro inhibition of the replication of Haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and African swine fever virus by extracts from marine microalgae. Antiviral Research. November 1999; 44(1):67-73.
120. Krylov V et al. Retrospective epidemiological study using medical records to determine which diseases are improved by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae supplements. Submitted for publication 2000.
121. Drapeau C. Results of Survey of AFA Consumers. Presentation at Klamath Falls, Oregon, August 8, 1998.
122. Lahitova N, Doupovcova M, Zvonar J, Chandoga J, Hocman G. Antimutagenic properties of fresh-water blue-green algae. Folia Microbiologica. 1994; 39(4):301-3.
123. Hasegawa T et al. Augmentation of the resistance against Listeria monocytogenes by oral administration of a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris in mice. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 1994; 16(2):191-202.
124. Haegawa T et al. Hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris reduce opportunistic infection with Listeria monocytogenes in C57BL/6 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses. International Journal of Immunopharmacology. 1995; 17(6):505-12. 125. Tanaka K et al. Augmentation of host-defense by a unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris, to Escherichia coli infection. Infection and Immunity. 1986; 53:267.
126. Ibusuki K Minamishima Y. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris extracts on murine cytomegalovirus infections. Natural Immunity and Cell Growth Regulation. 1990; 9:121.
127. Konishi F et al. Enhanced resistance against Escherichia coli infection by subcutaneous administration of the hot-water extract of Chlorella vulgaris in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy.
1990; 32(1):1.
128. Hasegawa T et al. Accelerated restoration of the leukocyte number and augmented resistance against Escherichia coli in cyclophosphamide-treated rats orally administered with a hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris. International Journal of Immunopharmacology. 1990; 12:883.
129. Bock K, Sabin N. The Road to Immunity. Pocket Books, 1997:177.
130. Sommer A et al. Increased risks of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with pre-existing mild vitamin A deficiency. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1984; 40:1090-95.
131. Pinnock C et al. Vitamin A status in children who are prone to respiratory tract infections. Australian Pediatric Journal. 1986; 22(2):95-9.
132. Nikitin A, Simvolokov S. The efficacy of the natural antibacterial preparation chlorophyll in the combined treatment of acute lung abscesses. Ter Arkh (Russian). 1989; 61(8):113-6.
133. Bowers W. Chlorophyll in wound healing and suppurative disease. American Journal of Surgery. 1947; 73:37.
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